Chapter 3-Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
Main Points: Metaphorical concepts sometimes keep people from focusing on what is inconsistent with the metaphor.
Ex) in an argument, a person might attack their opponents position instead of defending their own , and then lose sight of the cooperative aspects of arguing.
"Conduit Metaphor"- words and sentences have meanings in themselves, independant of people and contexts.
ideas-objects
linguistic expressions-containers
communication is sending (talking)
Insights:
The examples in the book display the complexity of metaphors, and the use of them in everyday life.
Questions:
What does conduit mean? What exactly do they mean we lose sight in an arguement?
Chapter 4: Orientational Metaphor
This chapter introduces the “orientational metaphor.” This is a metaphor that has subliminal connections to direction attached to it. For instance the idea that Happy is “up” where sad is considered “down.” I did not realize that so many words are metaphors and this was the first chapter to really “blow my mind.”
Main Points: Orientational Metaphor is a metaphor with a subliminal connections to direct in it.
Ex) "Happy is up"
These mataphors are based on physical, cultural, and social experience. They are sometimes different for different cultures, ect.
Insights:
Americans mostly use the examples in this book, most likely becuase it was written from an American.
Questions:
What did they mean about the expiemental bases of metaphors and our ignorance to it?
Chapter 5 Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
Main ideas:Culture affects the type of metaphors we use. Ex) More is better for some cultures. Less is more for other cultures.
Insights:It depends where you are from and what your values are
Qestions: How did all cultures come up with using metaphors in speach, or is it in our natural human nature?
Chapter 6 Ontological Metaphors
Main Ideas: We identify experiences so we can refer to them, categorize them, group them, and quantify them so we can make reasonable and rational thoughts about them. We do this so things can make sense to us.
Insights:I have acually noticed this metaphor before, my friend one time was talking about how her brian was going to blow a fuse, and i thought about this.
Questions: This is an odd question, but what is inflation? (I should probably know this...)
Chapter 7 Personification
Main Ideas: Inaminate objects given human like characteristics. So we can relate to them and understand them better.
Ex) Cancer finally caught up with him. This statement gives cancer a human like quality.
Insights: It makes absract concepts simpilier and easier to relate with.
Questions: Why do humans need to find a way to relate to these things?
Chapter 8 Metonymy
Main Ideas: Inputting human qualities to things that are non human with no actual human being refered too.
Ex) He's in dance. (the dance profession)
Insights: I don't really quite understand this concept.
Questions: How does it allow us to focus specifially on certain aspects of whatis being refered to?
Chapter 9 Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
Main Ideas: Sometimes mataphors are unrelated or don't flow right.
Ex) Love is a journey. These are two unrelated things.
Insights: I think these are what most people think of when they think of what a metaphor is, or it least thats what I thought they where in 8th grade.
Questions: How is loook how far we've come? a metaphor? I never thought it was.
Chapter 10 Some Further Examples
Main Ideas: Basically it is what the title says. It just gives more example of metaphors.
Ex) ideas are plants, love is patient, significant is big
Chapter 11 The Partial Nature of metaphorical Structuring
Main Ideas: These are concidered"dead" metaphors because we normally don't use them in our daily lives. It is acceptable to use them in fiction and creative writing.
Insights: These are probably my all time favorite metaphors becuase htey bring everything to life in stories.
Questions: Why are they refered to as "dead", were they once used in spoken language?
Chapter 12 How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
Main Ideas: This chapter talks about how we conceptually understand ideas.
Insights: This makes me think that we can't talk without using metaphors. As humans it is how we discribe things to each other, with out them noone would be able to expalin anything.
Questions: Can humans survive without metaphors?
Chapter 13 The Grounding Of Structural Mataphors
Main Ideas: We could not communicate, reason, or function in the world with out metaphors.
Insights: This answers my questions from the chapter above pretty well, and I definatly agree with this statement.
Questions: Would we just not communicate at all without metaphors, or should we just not even bother imagining a world without them?
Weekend Metaphors:
I will jump on it.
She got trashed.
Thats a load of garbage.
She is a pain.
I am going to put it off.
I don't have enough time.
It is so cold, I am dying!
She went off.
I am a cow.
That guy is coming inbetween our friendship.
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